HFO-1233zd
CF₃CH=CHClHFO-1233zd (trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, marketed as Solstice zd) is a low-pressure hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant designed specifically for centrifugal chillers as a replacement for R-123 and R-245fa. With an ultra-low GWP of 1 and zero ODP, HFO-1233zd offers the best environmental profile among chiller refrigerants. The refrigerant is classified as A1 (non-flammable, low toxicity), eliminating the B1 toxicity concerns associated with R-123. HFO-1233zd operates at low pressures similar to R-123, making it suitable for retrofit of existing chillers or new high-efficiency centrifugal chiller designs. Major chiller manufacturers including Carrier, Trane, and Johnson Controls offer HFO-1233zd systems for large commercial and industrial applications.
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Key Information
Essential safety and exposure information for HFO-1233zd
Health Effects
Low acute toxicity. A1 safety classification. Very low environmental impact with GWP of 1.
Common Sources
- Large centrifugal chillers
- district cooling
- industrial HVAC
Exposure Limits
- WEEL
- 800 ppm (8-hr TWA)
- Low GWP replacement
- Low GWP replacement
- HFO-based blend
- HFO-based blend
Regulatory Status
- EPA Classification
- HFO (non-ODS)
- ASHRAE Safety Group
- A1 (low toxicity, non-flammable)
- GWP (AR5)
- 1
- ODP
- 0
- EPA SNAP
- Listed as acceptable for centrifugal chillers
- ASHRAE 15
- Improved safety profile vs R-123 (B1)
Detection Requirements
- Sensor Technology
- Infrared (NDIR)
- Detection Range
- 0-500 ppm typical
- Response Time
- <30 seconds (T90)
- Calibration Frequency
- Annual recommended
- Low Pressure
- Operates below atmospheric at some conditions
Detection Solutions
Sensors and detectors for HFO-1233zd monitoring
cGas Detector VRF IR Refrigerant Transmitter
An aesthetic, non-dispersive infrared refrigerant gas detector for acute leak detection in modern energy-efficient buildings utilizing Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) HVAC systems.
cGas-SC Self-Contained Controller
A self contained controller with up to 3 gas channels, Plug & Play Smart Sensor Technology and configurable logic control and priority settings. Offers superior user customization and reliable gas detection performance for monitoring many gases.
cGas Detector IR Refrigerant Transmitter
Non-dispersive infrared refrigerant gas detector with accurate, low level leak detection, available with analog output or BACnet® or Modbus® output and Plug & Play Smart Sensor Technology.
FCS Multi Channel System Controllers
High performance controller with logic and priority settings for monitoring toxic, combustible and refrigerant gases with versatile control functionality. Available with Modbus® or BACnet® communication with BAS, supports 4-20 mA and Modbus® driven VFDs.